Alexander the Great: chronology
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Spring | Parmenion leads vanguard into Asia | |||||||||
| Summer | Murder of Artaxerxes IV; accession of Darius III | ||||||||||
| October | Murder of Philip (text); accession of Alexander | ||||||||||
| Nov-Dec. | Alexander gains support of the Greek towns | ||||||||||
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Summer | Alexander campaigns in the Balkans | |||||||||
| Memnon's counterattack in Asia | |||||||||||
| 12? Sept. | Fall of Thebes (text) | ||||||||||
| Nov-Dec. | Festivals at Dion and Aegae | ||||||||||
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May | Alexander lands in Asia | |||||||||
| Early June | Battle of the Granicus river (text) | ||||||||||
| July | Capture of Miletus | ||||||||||
| August | Start of the siege of Halicarnassus | ||||||||||
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Winter | Alexander conquers Caria, Lycia, Pamphylia and Phrygia | |||||||||
| March-June | Naval offensive of Memnon | ||||||||||
| April-July | Alexander in Gordium (text) | ||||||||||
| July | Death of Memnon | ||||||||||
| Late July | Alexander leaves Gordium | ||||||||||
| Darius leaves Babylon | |||||||||||
| July-Sept | Pharnabazus continues the naval offensive | ||||||||||
| September | Alexander in Cilicia and falls ill (text) | ||||||||||
| October | Parmenion sent to the Syrian gates | ||||||||||
| Alexander campaigns in West-Cilicia | |||||||||||
| c.5 Nov. | Battle of Issus (text) | ||||||||||
| Dec.? | Darius opens negotiations (text) | ||||||||||
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January | Beginning of the siege of Tyre | |||||||||
| Spring | Disintegration of Persian fleet | ||||||||||
| July | Fall of Tyre (text) | ||||||||||
| Sept-Nov. | Siege of Gaza (text) | ||||||||||
| November | Alexander visits Jerusalem? (text) | ||||||||||
| Alexander enters Egypt | |||||||||||
| 331 | January | Alexander in Heliopolis and Memphis | |||||||||
| March | Alexander visits the oracle of Ammon (text) | ||||||||||
| 7 April | Alexander founds Alexandria (text) | ||||||||||
| June | Alexander in Phoenicia and Syria | ||||||||||
| July | Reinforcements leave Macedonia | ||||||||||
| Alexander's crosses the Euphrates | |||||||||||
| Aug-Sept. | Alexander campaigns in Mesopotamia | ||||||||||
| 1 Oct. | Battle of Gaugamela | ||||||||||
| 22 Oct. | Mazaeus
surrenders Babylon
to Alexander
(Babylonian text; Latin text) |
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| June | Darius leaves Ecbatana | ||||||||||
| c.17 July | Death of Darius III at Choara; Bessus king (text) | ||||||||||
| Aug-Sept. | Alexander in Hyrcania, Parthia and Aria | ||||||||||
| November | Alexander in Drangiana; plot of Philotas | ||||||||||
| Alexander in Ariaspa; murder of Parmenion | |||||||||||
| 329 | February | Armies unite in Arachosia | |||||||||
| April | Alexander advances to Gandara | ||||||||||
| Late May | Alexander crosses the Hindu Kush (text) | ||||||||||
| c. 1 June | Alexander advances to the Oxus (text) | ||||||||||
| Alexander captures Bessus | |||||||||||
| Alexander advances to the Jaxartes | |||||||||||
| July | Alexander founds Alexandria Eschatê | ||||||||||
| Revolt in Sogdia, led by Spitamenes; battle of the Jaxartes | |||||||||||
| Cavalry reorganized | |||||||||||
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Winter | Alexander at Bactra | |||||||||
| Summer | Campaigns in Sogdia and Bactria | ||||||||||
| Autumn | Murder of Clitus | ||||||||||
| December | Capture of Spitamenes | ||||||||||
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Winter | Alexander in Maracanda and Nautaca | |||||||||
| Spring | Capture of the Sogdian Rock (text) | ||||||||||
| Summer | Armies unite at Bactra. | ||||||||||
| Introduction of proskynesis (text) | |||||||||||
| Marriage to Roxane | |||||||||||
| Late Summer | Conspiracy of the pages; death of Callisthenes | ||||||||||
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February | Hephaestion advances through Gandara to Indus | |||||||||
| Alexander campaigns in the Swat valley | |||||||||||
| Alexander takes the Aornus rock | |||||||||||
| April | Armies unite near the Indus; advance to Taxila | ||||||||||
| May | Battle of the Hydaspes against Porus | ||||||||||
| c. 26 June | Crossing of the Acesines | ||||||||||
| Late July | Mutiny at the Hyphasis (text) | ||||||||||
| September | Beginning of fleet building | ||||||||||
| November | Alexander's fleet starts down the Hydaspes | ||||||||||
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January | Campaign against the Mallians; Alexander wounded | |||||||||
| February | Disaster at the confluence of Acesines and Indus | ||||||||||
| April | The Brahman rebellion | ||||||||||
| June | Craterus starts for Carmania | ||||||||||
| c. 15 July | Peithon's and other forces arrive at Patala | ||||||||||
| Late August | Alexander starts for Carmania | ||||||||||
| 15 Sept. | Nearchus starts on his voyage (text) | ||||||||||
| Alexander in Gedrosia (text) | |||||||||||
| December | Punishment of the satraps (text) | ||||||||||
| Alexander meets Craterus in Carmania | |||||||||||
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January | Alexander meets Nearchus in Carmania | |||||||||
| February | Alexander in Pasargadae (text) | ||||||||||
| Death of Calanus (text) | |||||||||||
| March | Alexander meets Nearchus in Susa | ||||||||||
| Marriages at Susa (text) | |||||||||||
| Summer | Alexander's decree on the exiles (text) | ||||||||||
| August | Mutiny at Opis (text) | ||||||||||
| Veterans set off with Craterus | |||||||||||
| October | Alexander at Ecbatana | ||||||||||
| Late Oct. | Death of Hephaestion | ||||||||||
| 323 | Winter | Alexander requests divine honors | |||||||||
| Alexander campaigns against the Cossaeans | |||||||||||
| April-May | Alexander in Babylon | ||||||||||
| May | Preparations for campaign to Arabia | ||||||||||
| 11 June | Alexander dies (Greek text; Babylonian text) |
