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Antiochus XII Dionysus

Antiochus XII Dionysus: name of a Seleucid king, ruled from 87 to c.83/82.

Successor of: Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator)

After 114/113, the Seleucid dynasty get fragmented. First, there are only a southern and a northern part, ruled by Antiochus IX Cyzicenus and Antiochus VIII Grypus
97/96: The Egyptian king-in-exile Ptolemy IX Soter Lathyros intervenes in the south, where he makes Demetrius III Eucaerus and his (presumed twin) brother Philip I Philadelphus rulers in Damascus; they are successful in their war against Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
Early 95: Death of Antiochus IX; Philip takes Beroea (modern Aleppo) while Antiochus X, the son of Antiochus IX, tries to establish his power
Demetrius intervenes in the Hasmonaean kingdom, against king Alexander Jannaeus.
c.89: Parthian invasion; end of the reign of Antiochus X, who is defeated by the Parthian leader Mithridates Sinaces and his ally Aziz the Arab
Demetrius breaks off his war against Alexander Jannaeus and captures Antioch
Demetrius and his twin brother Philip start to quarrel; Demetrius besieges Aleppo; Philip invites the Parthians to help him
88/87: Demetrius is captured by the Parthians and dies in captivity.
Philip now seizes the northern part and is recognized in Antioch
He does not control Damascus, where Antiochus XII Dionysus (a brother of Demetrius and Philip) becomes king.
83/82: Antiochus XII Dionysus is defeated and killed by the Nabataean Arabs; Damascus is seized by Ptolemy of Chalcis

O. Hoover, "Revised Chronology for the Late Seleucids at Antioch (121/0-64 BC)" in: Historia 65/3 (2007) 280-301