Augustus

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	Augustus
Bust of Octavian/Augustus as high priest. Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, Mérida.	Augustus: first emperor of the Roman world (27 BCE - 14 CE). Names: 23 September 63 BCE: Gaius Octavius 8 May 44: Gaius Julius Caesar November 40: Imperator Caesar Divi filius 2 September 31 BCE: sole ruler 16 January 27: Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus 19 August 14 CE: natural death Historians sometimes call him *Octavian, a title he never used. Relatives: father:* Gaius Octavius mother: Atia married to: Clodia (stepdaughter of Marc Antony) Scribonia Daughter: Julia Livia Youth 63 Born in Rome 60 Octavius' father Gaius Octavius becomes praetor 59 Death of Octavius Senior; Octavius Junior is educated by his stepfather Lucius Marcius Philippus 49 His uncle Julius Caesar launches the Second Civil War 48 Elected as pontifex 47 Prefect of the Latin Games 46 In Africa 45 To Spain; return; to Illyricum (Apollonia) 44 adopted by Julius Caesar The road to power: 43 Battle of Mutina 43 Consul suffectus (with Quintus Pedius) 43 Second Triumvirate; marriage to Clodia 42 Philippi (battle) 41: End of marriage to Clodia 41/40 Siege of Perugia 40 Treaty of Brundisium 40 Marc Antony marries Octavia; Herod the Great king 40/39: Octavian marries Scribonia 39 Treaty of Misenum 39 birth of Julia; end of marriage to Scribonia 38 Octavian marries Livia (two stepsons: Drusus, Tiberius) 36 Defeat of Sextus Pompeius 34/34 Dalmatian war 33 Consul II (with Lucius Volcacius Tullus) 32 Marc Antony divorces Octavia 31 Consul III; naval battle of Actium (with Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus) 30 Consul IV (with Marcus Licinius Crassus); suicide of Marc Antony and Cleopatra VII Philopator; annexation of Egypt Sole ruler: 29 Consul V (with Sextus Appuleius); triumph; Gates of Janus closed 28 Consul VI (with Marcus Agrippa II); purge of the Senate 27 Consul VII (with Marcus Agrippa III); restores the republic; accepts the title of Augustus (more...) 26 Consul VIII (with Titus Statilius Taurus): war in Spain 25 Consul IX (with Marcus Junius Silanus): war in Spain; annexation of Galatia; expedition to Arabia Felix; Ethiopian war; Gates of Janus closed 24 Consul X (with Gaius Norbanus Flaccus) 23 Consul XI (with Aulus Terentius Varro Murena); tribunicia potestas; Agrippa receives proconsular powers 23 Death of Marcellus; Nubians attack Egypt 22 Voyage to the east; punitive raid against Nubia 21 idem; Agrippa marries Julia 20 Parthian Empire surrenders standards 19 Return from the east; proconsular powers renewed 18 Second purge of the Senate; proconsular powers of Agrippa renewed 17 Secular games; Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar adopted; Lollius defeated 16 Voyage to Gaul; annexation of Noricum 15 Annexation of Raetia (commemorated, ten years later, by the monument of La Turbie) 13 proconsular powers of Agrippa renewed 12 Augustus becomes pontifex maximus; death of Agrippa; Drusus in Germania Inferior; Tiberius in Pannonia 11 Third purge of the Senate; Tiberius marries Julia; death of Augustus' sister Octavia 9 Death of Drusus 8 Death of Maecenas; census; Tiberius in Germania Inferior 6 Tiberius received tribunicia potestas; in voluntary exile 5 Consul XII (with Lucius Cornelius Sulla); Gaius Caesar princeps iuventutis 4 Death of king Herod; Quinctilius Varus in Judaea 2 Consul XIII (with Marcus Plautius Silvanus); pater patriae; Julia exiled 1 BCE Gaius Caesar to the East 1 CE Gaius Caesar consul 2 Death of Lucius Caesar; return of Tiberius 4 Death of Gaius Caesar; Tiberius adopted; fourth purge of the Senate; Lex Aelia Sentia 5 Tiberius in Germania 6 Herod Archelaus dethroned; annexation of Judaea by Quirinius 6-9 Pannonian revolt 9 Disaster in the Teutoburg Forest 13 Senate restrics the Vigintisexviri to equestrian order; Tiberius triumphant 14 Death of Augustus; publication of the Res Gestae New legions: V Macedonica; VI Victrix; X Fretensis; XV Apollinaris; XVI Gallica; XVII; XVIII; XIX; XX Valeria Victrix; XXI Rapax; XXII Deiotariana.
The Mausoleum of Augustus	Buildings (in Rome): Forum Augusti with temple of Mars Ultor, many buildings on the Forum Romanum (temple of Caesar, arch of Augustus, Curia Julia, Basilica Julia, Basilica Aemilia), Porticus of Livia, Macellum Liviae, Porticus of Octavia, Theater of Marcellus, Theater and Crypta of Balbus, Mausoleum of Augustus, Aqua Marcia, Aqua Virgo, Aqua Julia, Aqua Alsietina, Baths of Agrippa, Horologium Augusti, Ara Pacis, Basilica of Neptune Buildings (outside Rome): Temple of Augustus (Ankara); Trophee at La Turbie Contemporary events: 40 Virgil's Fourth Eclogue 37 Varro's De re rustica 34 Death of the historian Sallust 33 Death of Bochus II of Mauretania 31 King Herod completes the building of Masada 27 Death of Varro 25 Augustus makes Juba king of Mauretania 24 First publication of Strabo' Geography 23 Horace's Odes; Vitruvius' De Architectura 20 King Herod's starts to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem 19 Death of Virgil; death of Tibullus 15 Death of Lucius Munatius Plancus 13 Dedication of the Theater of Marcellus; Drusus founds Mainz 12 Death of Propertius 10 Herod builds Caesarea 9 Ara Pacis inaugurated 8 Death of Horace; death of Maecenas 4 BCE Death of king Herod; birth of Jesus of Nazareth (?) 5 CE Death of Gaius Asinius Pollio 8 Ovid exiled; death of Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus 11 Death of Marcus Antistius Labeo Succeeded by: Tiberius Links biography by Suetonius Actium Agrippa Janus Julia Lollius Quinctilius Varus Quirinius Res Gestae
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