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Roman emperors: the first century

first century
second century
Gaul : third century : Palmyra
fourth century
fifth century (West) : fifth century (East)

	Julius Caesar 13 July 100 BCE: Gaius Julius Caesar 10 January 49: rebelled against the Senate 9 August 48: sole ruler 15 March 44: murdered by senators Picture: Musei Vaticani, Roma (biography by Suetonius)
	Augustus 23 September 63 BCE: Gaius Octavius 8 May 44: Gaius Julius Caesar (Historians often call him Octavianus, a title he never used.) November 40: Imperator Caesar Divi filius 2 September 31 BCE: sole ruler 16 January 27: Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus 19 August 14 CE: natural death Picture: Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, Mérida (biography by Suetonius)
	Tiberius 16 November 42 BCE: Tiberius Claudius Nero 19 August 14 CE: Imperator Tiberius Caesar Augustus 16 March 37: natural death Picture: British Museum, London (biography by Suetonius)
	Caligula 31 August 12 CE: Gaius Caesar Germanicus Summer 14: nickname Caligula ('soldier's boot') 18 March 37: Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 24 January 41: murdered by soldiers Picture: Palazzo Massimo alle terme, Roma (biography by Suetonius)
	Claudius 1 August 10 BCE: Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus 25 January 41: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 13 October 54: poisoned Refused title: Britannicus (43) Picture: British Museum, London (biography by Suetonius)
	Nero 15 December 37: Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus 25 February 50: Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus 13 October 54: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus September (?) 66: Imperator Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 9 June 68: suicide Picture: Glyptothek München; ©**) (biography by Suetonius)
	Galba 24 December 3 BCE: Servius Sulpicius Galba 8 June 68: Servius Galba Imperator Caesar Augustus 15 June 69: lynched by soldiers Picture: Louvre, Paris (biography by Suetonius)
	Vitellius 7 September 12 (?): Aulus Vitellius 2 January 69: Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Imperator 18 July 69: Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Imperator Augustus 20 December 69: lynched by soldiers Nickname: Spintria Picture: Museo nazionale della civiltà romana, Roma; ©** (biography by Suetonius)
	Otho 28 April 32: Marcus Salvius Otho 15 January 69: Imperator Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus (Nero?) 16 April 69: suicide Picture: Musei Capitolini, Roma; ©** (biography by Suetonius)
	Vespasian 17 November 9: Titus Flavius Vespasianus 1 July 69: Imperator Titus Flavius Vespasianus Caesar 23 June 79: natural death Picture: Museo Arqueológico, Sevilla (biography by Suetonius)
	Julius Sabinus Year of birth unknown Spring 70: Emperor of the 'Gallic empire' Summer 70: into hiding 79: executed
	Titus 30 December 39: Titus Flavius Vespasianus July 69: Titus Caesar Vespasianus 2 September 70: Imperator Titus Caesar Vespasianus 24 June 79: Imperator Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus 13 September 81: natural death Picture: Louvre, Paris (biography by Suetonius)
	Domitian 24 October 51: Titus Flavius Domitianus 14 September 81: Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus 83: Imperator Caesar Domitianus Germanicus Augustus 18 September 96: murdered by courtiers Picture: Museo Arqueológico, Sevilla (biography by Suetonius)
	Nerva 30 November 30: Marcus Cocceius Nerva 18 September 96: Imperator Nerva Caesar Augustus 97: Imperator Nerva Germanicus Caesar Augustus 27 (?) January 98: natural death Picture: Palazzo Massimo, Roma
	Trajan 18 September 53: Marcus Ulpius Trajanus Crinitus October 97: Imperator Caesar Nerva Trajanus 28 January 98: Imperator Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus Germanicus (97), Dacicus (102), Optimus (114), Parthicus (116) 7 August 117: natural death Picture: Glyptothek, München

first century
second century
Gaul : third century : Palmyra
fourth century
fifth century (West) : fifth century (East)

Literature

Dietmar Kienast, Römische Kaisertabelle. Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie (1990 Darmstadt)