Portrait of a Persian lady,
from
Persepolis (Archaeological museum, Tehran)
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Esther 6
The Biblical book of Esther,
written in the fourth or third century BCE, describes how a Jewish woman
marries to the Persian king Ahasverus (Xerxes)
and protects, as queen, her people when a courtier named Haman attempts
to destroy the Jews. The Jews still commemorate their rescue during the
Purim festival.
The historicity of the story
has been questioned with sound arguments. No queen with this name is known
from other sources, for example, and the names of two of the protagonists,
Esther and Mordecai, look suspiciously like the names of the Babylonian
gods Ištar
and Marduk. On the other hand, the story is dated to the third year of
Xerxes (483/482 BCE), immediately after a serious crisis in Babylonia (the
revolt
of Bêl-šimânni and Šamaš-eriba),
and many details betray knowledge of the Achaemenid
royal palace in Susa.
The translation of the short
version is offered here in the Revised Standard Version.
In
that night the king could not sleep; and he gave orders to bring the book
of memorable deeds, the chronicles, and they were read before the king. And
it was found written how Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh, two
of the king's eunuchs, who guarded the threshold, and who had sought to
lay hands upon King Ahasverus. And
the king said, "What honor or dignity has been bestowed on Mordecai for
this?"
The king's servants who attended him said, "Nothing has been done for
him."
And
the king said, "Who is in the court?" Now Haman had just entered the outer
court of the king's palace to speak to the king about having Mordecai hanged
on the gallows that he had prepared for him. So
the king's servants told him, "Haman is there, standing in the court."
And the king said, "Let him come in."
So
Haman came in, and the king said to him, "What shall be done to the man
whom the king delights to honor?"
And Haman said to himself, "Whom would the king delight to honor more
than me?" and
Haman said to the king, "For the man whom the king delights to honor, let
royal robes be brought, which the king has worn, and the horse which the
king has ridden, and on whose head a royal crown is set; and
let the robes and the horse be handed over to one of the king's most noble
princes; let him array the man whom the king delights to honor,[1]
and let him conduct the man on horseback through the open square of the
city, proclaiming before him: 'Thus shall it be done to the man whom the
king delights to honor.'"
Then the king said
to Haman, "Make haste, take the robes and the horse, as you have said,
and do so to Mordecai the Jew who sits at the king's gate. Leave out nothing
that you have mentioned."
So Haman took the
robes and the horse, and he arrayed Mordecai and made him ride through
the open square of the city, proclaiming, "Thus shall it be done to the
man whom the king delights to honor."
Then Mordecai returned
to the king's gate. But Haman hurried to his house, mourning and with his
head covered.
And Haman told
his wife Zeresh and all his friends everything that had befallen him. Then
his wise men and his wife Zeresh said to him, "If Mordecai, before whom
you have begun to fall, is of the Jewish people, you will not prevail against
him but will surely fall before him."
While they were
yet talking with him, the king's eunuchs arrived and brought Haman in haste
to the banquet that Esther had prepared.
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