Ex libro III
 Seditiones de
agrariis legibus fuere.  Capitolium
ab exulibus et servis occupatum caesis his receptum est.
 Census bis actus est.  Priore
lustro censa sunt civium capita CVIII milia DCCXIIII praeter orbos
orbasque,
sequenti CXVII milia CCXVIIII.
 Cum adversus Aequos male gesta res
esset, L. Quintius Cincinnatus dictator factus, cum rure intentus operi
rustico esset, ad id bellum gerendum arcessitus est.  Is
victos hostes sub iugum misit.
 Tribunorum plebis numerus ampliatus
est, ut essent X tricesimo sexto anno a primis tribunis plebis.
 Petitis per legatos et adlatis Atticis
legibus ad constituendas eas proponendasque Xviri pro consulibus sine
ullis
aliis magistratibus creati altero et trecentesimo anno quam Roma
condita
erat, et ut a regibus ad consules, ita a consulibus ad Xviros imperium
translatum.  Hi X tabulis legum
positis cum modeste se in eo honore gessissent et ob id in alterum
quoque
annum eundem esse magistratum placuisset, duabus tabulis ad X adiectis
cum complura impotenter fecissent, magistratum noluerunt deponere et in
tertium annum retinuerunt, donec inviso eorum imperio finem adtulit
libido
Appi Claudi.  Qui cum in amorem
Virginiae virginis incidisset, summisso qui eam in servitutem peteret,
necessitatem patri eius Virginio inposuit.  Rapto
ex taberna proxima cultro filiam occidit, cum aliter effici non posset,
ne in potestatem stuprum inlaturi veniret.  Hoc
tam magnae iniuriae exemplo plebs concitata montem Aventinum occupavit
coegitque Xviros abdicare se magistratu.  Ex
quibus Appius, qui praecipuam poenam meruerat, in carcerem coiectus
est,
ceteri in exilium acti.
 Res praeterea contra Sabinos et
Vulscos prospere gestas continet et parum honestum populi Romani
iudicium.  Qui
iudex inter Ardeates et Aricinos sumptus agrum, de quo ambigebatur,
sibi
adiudicavit.
|
From book 3
[462
VC]
There
were riots because of the land bills. The
Capitol, which had been occupied by exiles and slaves, was recaptured
after
a massacre.
The ritual
cleansing
of the state was performed twice. During
the first ceremony 108,714 people were registered (widows and orphans
not
included), during the second 117,219.
[458
VC] After an unsuccessful fight against the Aequans,
Lucius Quintius
Cincinnatus was made dictator;
because he was in the country, working on his land, it was there that
he
was asked to wage war. He
sent the defeated enemies under the yoke.
[457
VC] Thirty-six years after the first tribunes of the
plebs were
elected, the number of tribunes
of the plebs
was expanded, so that there were ten.
[451
VC] After envoys had been sent to Athens to consult and
propagate
the laws, a board of ten men, with the powers of consuls
and without any other magistrates, was created in the three hundred and
second year since the founding of the city, and power was transferred
from
the consuls to the ten as it had once been transferred from the kings
to
the consuls. During
the publication of the first ten tables of laws, they behaved
moderately,
and it was decided that they would stay in office for a second year [450
VC], but after adding two tablets to the other ten, they
started
to commit excesses, refused to lay down their magistracy, and would
have
claimed a third term, if the lust had of Appius Claudius had not put an
end to their detested power. Because
he burned with passion for a girl named Virginia, he sent someone to
claim
her as his slave, which forced her father to a desperate measure.From
a nearby shop he took a knife and killed his daughter, because he had
no
other means to prevent her from being dishonored. After
this example of supreme injustice, the angry mob occupied the Aventine
and forced the board to ten to abdicate. Appius,
who had deserved the supreme punishment, was thrown into jail; the
others
were exiled.
It [book 3] also contains an account
of successful wars against the Sabines and Volscans, and of a rather
dishonest
arbitration by the Roman people,which
had been asked to judge between the claims on a piece of land people of
Ardea and Aricia, and kept it for itself.
|
Ex libro IIII
Lex de conubio patrum et plebis a
tribunis contentione magna patribus repugnantibus perlata est.
Tribuni [lacuna]
plebis. Aliquot
annos res populi R. domi militiaeque per hoc genus magistratus
administratae
sunt. Item
censores tunc primum
creati sunt.
Ager Ardeatibus populi iudicio ablatus
missis in eum colonis restitutus est.
Cum fame populus R. laboraret, Spurius
Maelius eques R. frumentum populo sua inpensa largitus est, et ob hoc
factum
conciliata sibi plebe regnum adfectans a C. Servilio Ahala magistro
equitum
iussu Quinti Cincinnati dictatoris occisus est; L. Minucius index bove
aurata donatus est.
Legatis Romanorum a Fidenatibus occisis,
quoniam ob rem p. morte occubuerant, statuae in rostris positae sunt.
Cossus Cornelius tribunus militum
occiso Tolumnio, Veientum rege, opima spolia secunda rettulit.
Mam. Aemilius dictator censurae honorem,
qui antea per quinquennium gerebatur, anni et sex mensum spatio finiit;
ob eam rem a censoribus notatus est.
Fidenae in potestatem redactae eoque
coloni missi sunt. Quibus occisis
Fidenates cum defecissent, ab Mam. Aemilio dictatore victi sunt et
Fidenae
captae.
Coniuratio servorum oppressa est.
Postumius tribunus militum propter
crudelitatem ab exercitu occisus est.
Stipendium ex aerario tum primum
militibus datum est.
Res praeterea gestas adversus Vulscos
at Fidenates et Faliscos continet.
|
From book 4
[445
VC] After a big struggle, organized by the tribunes, and
in spite
of patrician opposition, the law on the marriage between patricians and
plebeians was repealed.
The tribunes [lacuna,
in which the appointment of the first military tribunes with consular
powers
in 443 VC was
mentioned, an office that could
also be occupied by members] of the plebs. For
several years, the internal and military affairs of the Roman people
were
administered by this type of magistrates. [443
VC] And for the first time, censors
were created.
The land that
had
been seized by popular judgment from the Ardeatines, was given back to
settlers.
[440
VC] When the Roman people suffered from famine, a Roman knight
named Spurius Maelius paid to give much grain to the people, but when
he
became popular among the poor and wanted to become king, [439
VC]
he was killed by Gaius Servilius Ahala, master
of horse, who
had been ordered to do so by dictator [Lucius] Quintius Cincinnatus.
Lucius
Minucius, who had denounced Maelius, was given a gilded [statue of] a
bull.
[437
VC] When Roman envoys were killed by the Fidenates, their
statues
were erected on the speaker's platform, because they had died while
serving
the state.
[436
VC] After military tribune Cornelius Cossus had killed
king Tolumnius
of Veii, he returned with supreme spoils.
[434
VC] Dictator Mamercus Aemilius limited the censorship,
which until
then had lasted five years, to one year and six months, he was fined by
the censors.
Fidenae was seized and settlers
were sent. When these had been
killed by rebellious Fidenates, the latter were defeated by dictator
Mamercus
Aemilius and Fidenae was captured.
A conspiracy of slaves was suppressed.
[414 VC] Because
of his cruelty, military tribune Postumius was killed by his own
troops.
[406 VC] For
the first time, the soldiers received by from the state's treasury.
It [book 4] also contains accounts
of wars against the Volscans, Fidenates, and Faliscians.
|
Ex libro V
In obsidione Veiorum tabernacula militibus
facta sunt. Ea res cum esset nova,
indignationem tribunorum plebis movit querentium non dari plebi nec per
hiemem militiae requiem.
Equites tum primum equis suis mereri
coeperunt.
Cum inundatio ex lacu Albano facta
esset, vates, qui eam rem interpretaretur, ex hostibus captus est.
Furius Camillus dictator X annis
obsessos Veios cepit, simulacrum Iunonis Romam transtulit, decimam
praedae
Delphos Apollini misit. Idem tribunus
militum cum Faliscos obsideret, proditos hostium filios parentibus
remisit
statimque deditione facta Faliscorum victoriam iustitia consecutus est.
Cum alter ex censoribus C. Iulius
decessisset, in locum eius M. Cornelius suffectus est. Nec
id postea factum est, quoniam eo lustro a Gallis Roma capta est.
Furius Camillus, cum dies ei ab L.
Apuleio tribuno pl. dicta esset, in exilium abiit.
Cum Galli Senones Clusium obsiderent
et legati a senatu missi ad componendam inter eos et Clusinos pacem
pugnantes
contra Gallos starent in acie Clusinorum, hoc facto eorum concitati
Senones
urbem infesto exercitu petierunt fusisque ad Aliam Romanis cepere urbem
praeter Capitolium, quo se iuventus contulerat; maiores natu cum
insignibus
honorum, quos quisque gesserat, in vestibulis aedium sedentes
occiderunt. Et
cum per aversam partem Capitoli iam in summum evasissent, proditi
clangore
anserum M. Manli praecipue opera deiecti sunt. Coactis
deinde propter famem Romanis eo descendere, ut M pondo auri darent et
hoc
pretio finem obsidionis emerent, Furius Camillus, dictator absens
creatus,
inter ipsum conloquium, quo de pacis condicionibus agebatur, cum
exercitu
venit et Gallos post sextum mensem urbe expulit ceciditque.
Dictum est ad Veios migrandum esse
propter incensam et dirutam urbem, quod consilium Camillo auctore
discussum
est. Movit
populum vocis quoque
omen ex centurione auditae, qui cum in forum venisset, manipularibus
suis
dixerat: "Sta, miles, hic optime manebimus."
Aedis Iovi Capitolino facta est,
quod ante urbem captam vox audita erat adventare Gallos.
|
From book 5
During the
siege
of Veii, winter quarters were occupied. This
was something new, and the tribunes of the plebs complained that the
people
were not even in the winter given rest from military service.
The cavalry
men
started to serve on their own horses.
[398
VC] When the Alban Lake was overflowing, a seer, who
could interpret
this omen, was captured from the enemies.
[396
VC] Dictator [Marcus]
Furius
Camillus captured Veii after a siege of ten years,
transferred the
statue of Juno to Rome, and sent one tenth of the spoils to Apollo in Delphi. [394
VC] When the same man, as military tribune, besieged the
Faliscans,
he sent back the children of the enemy, who had treacherously been
handed
over to him, to their parents, and his justice immediately caused the
surrender
of and victory over the Faliscans.
When Gaius
Julius,
one of the censors, died, Marcus Cornelius succeeded him. This
was never done again, because in their period in office, Rome was
captured
by the Gauls.
[391
VC] When [Marcus] Furius Camillus was accused by tribune
Lucius
Apuleius, he went into exile.
[390 VC =
387/386 BCE] When the Gallic Senones besieged Clusium,
and envoys
were sent by the Senate
to negotiate a peace between them and the Clusians, and the envoys
[instead]
fought in the Clusian battle array against the Gauls, the Senones,
insulted
by their behavior, marched on Rome with an army ready for battle,
defeated
the Romans near the Allia,
and captured the city, except for the Capitol, which was the refuge of
the young men; the old men, sitting at the entrances of their houses
with
their signs of honor they had obtained, were killed. And
when the Gauls climbed to the summit of the hill opposite the [temple
of
Jupiter on the] Capitol, their approach was betrayed by the sound of
the
geese, and they were thrown down by the efforts of especially Marcus
Manlius. Forced
by famine the Romans descended, to pay thousand pounds of gold and buy
the end of the siege, but Furius Camillus, who had been made dictator
while
away, arrived during the peace negotiations with an army, expelled the
Gauls who had been in the city for six months, and massacred them.
Because the city was burnt and sacked,
there was talk about migration to Veii, but the project was canceled by
the intervention of Camillus. An
omen guided the people when they heard the voice of an officer, who
arrived
at the Forum and said to his standard bearer: "Stay, soldier, this is
the
best place to remain."
A shrine was dedicated to the Capitoline
Jupiter, because before the city had been captured, a voice had been
heard
that warned for the Gauls.
|
|
