Ex libro CXI
qui est civilis belli tertius
M. Caelius
Rufus
praetor, cum seditiones in urbe concitaret novarum tabularum spe plebe
sollicitata, abrogato magistratu pulsus urbe Miloni exuli, qui
fugitivorum
exercitum contraxerat, se coniunxit. Uterque,
cum bellum molirentur, interfecti sunt.
Cleopatra,
regina
Aegypti, ab Ptolemaeo fratre regno pulsa est.
Propter Q.
Cassi
[pro]praetoris avaritiam crudelitatemque Cordubenses in Hispania cum
duabus
Varronianis legionibus a partibus Caesaris desciverunt.
Cn. Pompeius
ad
Dyrrachium obsessus a Caesare et, praesidiis eius cum magna clade
diversae
partis expugnatis, obsidione liberatus translato in Thessaliam bello
apud
Pharsaliam acie victus est. Cicero
in castris remansit, vir nihil minus quam ad bella natus. Omnibusque
adversarum
partium, qui se potestati victoris permiserant, Caesar ignovit.
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From book 111
which is the third
dealing with the civil war
[48
BCE] Praetor
Marcus Caelius Rufus, who had provoked riots in the city by inciting
the
plebs
with the prospect of a debt cancellation, was expelled from office and
from the city, and joined the exile Milo, who was building an army of
runaway
slaves. Both
of them were killed when they tried to stir up war.
Queen Cleopatra
of Egypt was exiled by her brother Ptolemy
[XIII].
Because of
the
avarice and cruelty of propraetor
Quintus Cassius, the inhabitants of Cordoba in Hispania, together with
the two legions
of [Terentius] Varro, abandoned the cause of Caesar.
Gnaeus Pompey
was
besieged at Dyrrhachium
by Caesar and, after storming the latter's forts with great losses to
the
other side, freed himself from the siege and transferred the war to
Thessaly,
where his army was defeated
at Pharsalus. Cicero
remained in Pompey's camp, because there was never a man less suited to
war than he. Caesar pardoned all enemies who put themselves in the
hands
of the victor.
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Ex libro CXII
qui est civilis belli quartus
Trepidantia
victarum
partium in diversas orbis terrarum partes et fuga refertur. Cn.
Pompeius cum Aegyptum petisset, iussu Ptolemaei regis (pupilli sui),
auctore
Theodoto praeceptore, cuius magna apud regem auctoritas erat, et
Pothino
occisus est ab Achilla, cui id facinus erat delegatum, in navicula
antequam
in terram exiret. Cornelia
uxor et Sex. Pompeius filius Cypron refugerunt.
Caesar post
tertium
diem insecutus, cum ei Theodotus caput Pompei et anulum obtulisset,
infensus
est et inlacrimavit. Sine
periculo Alexandriam tumultuantem intravit.
Caesar
dictator
creatus Cleopatram in regnum Aegypti reduxit et inferentem bellum
Ptolemaeum
isdem auctoribus, quibus Pompeium interfecerat, cum magno suo
discrimine
evicit. Ptolemaeus
dum fugit, in Nilo navicula subsedit.
Praeterea
laboriosum
M. Catonis in Africa per deserta cum legionibus iter et bellum a Cn.
Domitio
adversus Pharnacen parum prospere gestum continet.
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From book 112
which is the fourth
dealing with the civil war
It [book 112]
tells
about the panic and flight of the members of the defeated party to
various
parts of the world. When
Gnaeus Pompey went to Egypt, he was, by order of king Ptolemy (Pompey's
own pupil) but at the instigation of Pothinus and the king's
influential
teacher Theodotus, murdered in a small bark, before he could set foot
ashore,
by Achillas, who had been commanded to commit this crime. Pompey's
wife Cornelia and his son Sextus Pompeius escaped to Cyprus.
When Caesar
arrived
in pursuit on the third day, Theodotus showed him Pompey's head and
ring,
but Caesar was offended and wept. Without
running any risks he entered a riotous Alexandria.
Caesar, who
had
been made dictator,
restored Cleopatra as queen of Egypt and he won through -at great
personal
risk- when Ptolemy attacked him, following the advice of the very men
who
had advised him to kill Pompey. When
Ptolemy made his escape, his ship capsized in the Nile.
It [book 112]
also
contains an account of the difficult march of Marcus [Porcius] Cato and
his legions across the African desert, and an unsuccessful war against
[king] Pharnaces [of Pontus] waged by Gnaeus Domitius.
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Ex libro CXIII
qui est civilis belli quintus
Confirmatis in
Africa
Pompeianis partibus imperium earum P. Scipioni delatum est, Catone, cui
ex aequo deferebatur imperium, cedente. Et
cum de diruenda urbe Utica propter favorem civitatis eius in Caesarem
deliberaretur,
idque ne fieret M. Cato tenuisset, Iuba suadente ut dirueretur, tutela
eius et custodia mandata est Catoni.
Cn. Pompeius,
Magni
filius, in Hispania contractis viribus, quarum ducatum nec Afranius nec
Petreius excipere volebant, bellum adversus Caesarem renovavit.
Pharnaces,
Mithridatis
filius, rex Ponti, sine ulla belli mora victus est.
Cum
seditiones
Romae a P. Dolabella tr. pl. legem ferente de novis tabulis excitatae
essent
et ex ea causa plebs tumultuaretur, inductis a M. Antonio, magistro
equitum,
in urbem militibus octingenti e plebe caesi sunt.
Caesar
veteranis
cum seditione missionem postulantibus dedit, et cum in Africam
traiecisset,
adversus copias Iubae regis cum discrimine magno pugnavit.
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From book 113
which is the fifth
dealing with the civil war
[47]
The
Pompeian faction had consolidated its position in Africa and after Cato
had declined an offer of joint command, the sole command was given to
Publius
Scipio. When
a debate took place about the sack of the city of Utica, whose citizens
favored Caesar, and Cato maintained that it should not be done whereas
Juba argued for its destruction, Cato was elected as the town's
protector
and warden.
Gnaeus
Pompeius,
son of Pompey the Great, assembled an army in Hispania, and because
neither
Afranius nor Petreius wanted to be commander, he personally started the
war against Caesar.
King
Pharnaces
of Pontus, the son of Mithridates,
was defeated [by Caesar] without the slightest delay in the campaign.
The tribune
of the plebs
Publius Dolabella caused unrest when he proposed a law to cancel debts,
and the plebs started to revolt. However, Marc
Antony, the master
of horse, sent soldiers into the city and 800 people were killed.
Caesar
allowed
his veterans, who were rebellious and demanded their discharge, what
they
asked, and crossed into Africa, where he fought at great personal risk
against king Juba's men.
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Ex libro CXIV
qui est civilis belli sextus
Bellum in
Syria
Caecilius Bassus, eques Romanus Pompeianarum partium, excitavit,
relicto
a legione Sexto Caesare, quae ad Bassum transierat, occisoque
eo. Caesar
Scipionem praetorem Iubamque vicit ad Thapsum, castris eorum
expugnatis.
Cato audita
re
cum se percussisset Uticae et interveniente filio curaretur, inter
ipsam
curationem rescisso vulnere expiravit anno aetatis XLVIII.
Petreius
Iubam
seque interfecit. P.
Scipio in nave circumventus honestae morti vocem quoque
adiecit. Quaerentibus
enim imperatorem hostibus dixit: "imperator se bene habet". Faustus
et Afranius occisi. Catonis
filio venia data.
Brutus
legatus
Caesaris in Gallia Bellovacos rebellantes proelio vicit.
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From book 114
which is the sixth
dealing with the civil war
[46]
Caecilius
Bassus, a Roman knight
of the Pompeian faction, provoked a war in Syria, and Sextus Caesar,
abandoned
by a legion that had transferred its allegiance to Bassus, was
killed. Caesar
defeated
the praetor Scipio and Juba at Thapsus and captured their camp.
When Cato
received
this news in Utica, he stabbed himself and although his son intervened
and tried to rescue him, he reopened the wound that was being nursed,
and
died at the age of forty-eight.
Petreius
killed
Juba and himself. Publius
Scipio was captured on his ship, and added to his honorable death
honorable
last words. When
his enemies asked him how the general was doing, he replied "the
general
is doing fine". Faustus
and Afranius were killed. Cato's
son was pardoned.
Caesar's
deputy
commander [Decimus] Brutus won a battle in Gaul and defeated the
rebellious
Bellovaces.
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Ex libro CXV
qui est civilis belli septimus
Caesar
quattuor
triumphos duxit, ex Gallia, ex Aegypto, ex Ponto, ex Africa. Epulum et
omnis generis spectacula dedit.
M. Marcello
consulari
senatu rogante reditum concessit. Quo
beneficio eius Marcellus frui non potuit, a Cn. Magio cliente suo
Athenis
occisus.
Recensum
egit,
quo censa sunt civium capita CL milia.
Profectusque
in
Hispaniam adversus Cn. Pompeium, multis utrimque expeditionibus factis
et aliquot urbibus expugnatis summam victoriam cum magno discrimine ad
Mundam urbem consecutus est. Necatus
est Cn. Pompeius, Sex. effugit.
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From book 115
which is the seventh
dealing with the civil war
Caesar celebrated
four triumphs: for his victories in Gaul, Egypt, Pontus, and
Africa.
He also gave a banquet and several shows.
At the
request
of the Senate,
he allowed former consul
Marcus Marcellus to return. However,
Marcellus could not benefit from this kindness, because he was murdered
in Athens by his client Gnaeus Magius.
Caesar had
the
citizens counted, and 150,000 people were registered.
He set out
for
Hispania to fight against Gnaeus Pompeius, and after both sides had
conducted
several operations and stormed several cities, Caesar won at great risk
his greatest victory near the town of Munda. Gnaeus
Pompeius was killed and Sextus made his escape.
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