Demetrius II Nicator
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In
the one hundred and seventy-second year [Seleucid
Era; 140/139] Demetrius
the king assembled his forces and marched into Media
to secure help, so that he could make war against Trypho. When
Arsaces [1] the king of Persia and Media heard that Demetrius
had invaded his territory, he sent one of his commanders to take him alive.
[Summer
138] And
he went and defeated the army of Demetrius, and seized him and took him
to Arsaces, who put him under guard.
The
land had rest all the days of Simon. He sought the good of his nation;
his rule was pleasing to them, as was the honor shown him, all his days. To
crown all his honors he took Joppa for a harbor, and opened a way to the
isles of the sea. He
extended the borders of his nation, and gained full control of the country. He
gathered a host of captives; he ruled over Gazara and Beth-Zur and the
citadel, and he removed its uncleanness from it; and there was none to
oppose him.
They
tilled their land in peace; the ground gave its increase, and the trees
of the plains their fruit.
Old
men sat in the streets; they all talked together of good
things; and the youths donned the glories and garments of war.
He supplied the
cities with food, and furnished them with
the means of defense, till his renown spread to the ends of the earth.
He established
peace in the land,
and Israel rejoiced with great joy.
Each man sat under
his vine and his fig tree,
and there was none to make them afraid.
No one was left
in the land to fight them,
and the kings were crushed in those days.
He strengthened
all the humble of his people;
he sought out the law, and did away with every lawless and wicked man.
He made the sanctuary
glorious,
and added to the vessels of the sanctuary.
It was heard in Rome,
and as far away as Sparta, that Jonathan had died, and they were deeply
grieved. When
they heard that Simon his brother had become high priest in his place,
and that he was ruling over the country and the cities in it, they
wrote to him on bronze tablets to renew with him the friendship and alliance
which they had established with Judas and Jonathan his brothers. And
these were read before the assembly in Jerusalem. This
is a copy of the letter which the Spartans sent: "The rulers and the city
of the Spartans to Simon the high priest and to the elders and the priests
and the rest of the Jewish people, our brethren, greeting. The
envoys who were sent to our people have told us about your glory and honor,
and we rejoiced at their coming. And
what they said we have recorded in our public decrees, as follows, 'Numenius
the son of Antiochus and Antipater the son of Jason, envoys of the Jews,
have come to us to renew their friendship with us. It
has pleased our people to receive these men with honor and to put a copy
of their words in the public archives, so that the people of the Spartans
may have a record of them. And they have sent a copy of this to Simon the
high priest.'"
After this Simon
sent Numenius to Rome with a large gold shield weighing a thousand minas,
to confirm the alliance with the Romans. When
the people heard these things they said, "How shall we thank Simon and
his sons? For
he and his brothers and the house of his father have stood firm; they have
fought and repulsed Israel's enemies and established its freedom."
So they made a
record on bronze tablets and put it upon pillars on Mount Zion. This is
a copy of what they wrote: "On the eighteenth day of Elul,
in the one hundred and seventy-second year [13 September
140], which is the third year of Simon the great high priest, in
Asaramel, in the great assembly of the priests and the people and the rulers
of the nation and the elders of the country, the following was proclaimed
to us: "Since
wars often occurred in the country, Simon the son of Mattathias, a priest
of the sons of Joarib, and his brothers, exposed themselves to danger and
resisted the enemies of their nation, in order that their sanctuary and
the law might be perserved; and they brought great glory to their nation. Jonathan
rallied the nation, and became their high priest, and was gathered to his
people. And when
their enemies decided to invade their country and lay hands on their sanctuary, then
Simon rose up and fought for his nation. He spent great sums of his own
money; he armed the men of his nation's forces and paid them wages. He
fortified the cities of Judah, and Beth-Zur on the borders of Judah, where
formerly the arms of the enemy had been stored, and he placed there a garrison
of Jews. He also
fortified Joppa, which is by the sea, and Gazara, which is on the borders
of Azotus, where the enemy formerly dwelt. He settled Jews there, and provided
in those cities whatever was necessary for their restoration. The
people saw Simon's faithfulness and the glory which he had resolved to
win for his nation, and they made him their leader and high priest, because
he had done all these things and because of the justice and loyalty which
he had maintained toward his nation. He sought in every way to exalt his
people. And in
his days things prospered in his hands, so that the Gentiles were put out
of the country, as were also the men in the city of David in Jerusalem,
who had built themselves a citadel from which they used to sally forth
and defile the environs of the sanctuary and do great damage to its purity. He
settled Jews in it, and fortified it for the safety of the country and
of the city, and built the walls of Jerusalem higher. In
view of these things King Demetrius confirmed him in the high priesthood, and
he made him one of the king's friends and paid him high honors. For
he had heard that the Jews were addressed by the Romans as friends and
allies and brethren, and that the Romans had received the envoys of Simon
with honor. And
the Jews and their priests decided that Simon should be their leader and
high priest for ever, until a trustworthy prophet should arise, and
that he should be governor over them and that he should take charge of
the sanctuary and appoint men over its tasks and over the country and the
weapons and the strongholds, and that he should take charge of the sanctuary, and
that he should be obeyed by all, and that all contracts in the country
should be written in his name, and that he should be clothed in purple
and wear gold. And
none of the people or priests shall be permitted to nullify any of these
decisions or to oppose what he says, or to convene an assembly in the country
without his permission, or to be clothed in purple or put on a gold buckle. Whoever
acts contrary to these decisions or nullifies any of them shall be liable
to punishment."
And all the people
agreed to grant Simon the right to act in accord with these decisions. So
Simon accepted and agreed to be high priest, to be commander and ethnarch
of the Jews and priests, and to be protector of them all. And
they gave orders to inscribe this decree upon bronze tablets, to put them
up in a conspicuous place in the precincts of the sanctuary, and
to deposit copies of them in the treasury, so that Simon and his sons might
have them.
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