Antiochus IV Ephiphanes
|
Jason attacks Jerusalem
[168
BCE] About this time Antiochus
made his second invasion of Egypt. And
it happened that over all the city, for almost forty days, there appeared
golden-clad horsemen charging through the air, in companies fully armed
with lances and drawn swords - troops
of horsemen drawn up, attacks and counterattacks made on this side and
on that, brandishing of shields, massing of spears, hurling of missiles,
the flash of golden trappings, and armor of all sorts. Therefore
all men prayed that the apparition might prove to have been a good omen.
When
a false rumor arose that Antiochus was dead, [the
former high priest] Jason took no less than a thousand men and suddenly
made an assault upon the city. When the troops upon the wall had been forced
back and at last the city was being taken, Menelaus took refuge in the
citadel. But
Jason kept relentlessly slaughtering his fellow citizens, not realizing
that success at the cost of one's kindred is the greatest misfortune, but
imagining that he was setting up trophies of victory over enemies and not
over fellow countrymen. He
did not gain control of the government, however; and in the end got only
disgrace from his conspiracy, and fled again into the country of the Ammonites.
Finally
he met a miserable end. Accused before Aretas the ruler of the
Arabs,
fleeing from city to city, pursued by all men, hated as a rebel against
the laws, and
abhorred as the executioner of his country and his fellow citizens, he
was cast ashore in Egypt; and he who had driven many from their own country
into exile died in exile, having embarked to go to the Spartans in hope
of finding protection because of their kinship. He
who had cast out many to lie unburied had no one to mourn for him; he had
no funeral of any sort and no place in the tomb of his fathers.
Antiochus sacks the temple
When news of what
had happened reached the king, he took it to mean that Judea was in revolt.
So, raging inwardly, he left Egypt and took the city by storm. And
he commanded his soldiers to cut down relentlessly every one they met and
to slay those who went into the houses. Then
there was killing of young and old, destruction of boys, women, and children,
and slaughter of virgins and infants. Within
the total of three days eighty thousand were destroyed, forty thousand
in hand-to-hand fighting; and as many were sold into slavery as were slain. Not
content with this, Antiochus dared to enter the most holy temple in all
the world, guided by [the high priest] Menelaus,
who had become a traitor both to the laws and to his country.
He took the holy
vessels with his polluted hands, and swept away with profane hands the
votive offerings which other kings had made to enhance the glory and honor
of the place. Antiochus
was
elated in spirit, and did not perceive that the Lord was angered for a
little while because of the sins of those who dwelt in the city, and that
therefore he was disregarding the holy place.
But if it had not
happened that they were involved in many sins, this man would have been
scourged and turned back from his rash act as soon as he came forward,
just as Heliodorus was, whom Seleucus
the king sent to inspect the treasury. But
the Lord did not choose the nation for the sake of the holy place, but
the place for the sake of the nation. Therefore
the place itself shared in the misfortunes that befell the nation and afterward
participated in its benefits; and what was forsaken in the wrath of the
Almighty was restored again in all its glory when the great Lord became
reconciled.
So Antiochus carried
off eighteen hundred talents from the temple, and hurried away to Antioch,
thinking in his arrogance that he could sail on the land and walk on the
sea,[1] because his mind was elated. And
he left governors to afflict the people: at Jerusalem, Philip, by birth
a Phrygian and in character more barbarous than the man who appointed him; and
at Gerizim, Andronicus; and besides these Menelaus, who lorded it over
his fellow citizens worse than the others did.
In his malice toward
the Jewish citizens, Antiochus sent Apollonius, the captain of the Mysians,
with an army of twenty-two thousand, and commanded him to slay all the
grown men and to sell the women and boys as slaves. When
this man arrived in Jerusalem, he pretended to be peaceably disposed and
waited until the holy sabbath day; then, finding the Jews not at work,
he ordered his men to parade under arms. He
put to the sword all those who came out to see them, then rushed into the
city with his armed men and killed great numbers of people.
But Judas Maccabeus,
with about nine others, got away to the wilderness, and kept himself and
his companions alive in the mountains as wild animals do; they continued
to live on what grew wild, so that they might not share in the defilement.
|
|