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Synesius, On Imperial Rule, 7 |
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Arcadius |
Synesius
of Cyrene (c.370-c.413) was a Neo-Platonic
philosopher who became bishop of Ptolemais
in the Cyrenaica.
He left behind a small corpus of texts that offer much information
about daily life in Late Antiquity, about the
christianization
of the Roman world, and the military crisis at the beginning of the
fifth century. In his speech On Imperial Rule (or On Monarchy), Synesius offers some advise to the emperor Arcadius (395-408). More information can be found here. Throughout this speech, the word "Scythians" refers to the Tervingian Germans (who would later be known as Visigoths), whereas "king" refers to emperor. The text is offered here in the translation by A. Fitzgerald. The green four-digit numbers are page numbers of the Migne edition.
[7] [1072] And
now setting forth from his own self the king will meet his friends and
neighbors first. With these at his side he will take counsel concerning
all matters; these he will greet as friends, with no shade of irony in
the word, nor like those who gloss over what is in point of fact rough
and abrupt in their despotism with a designation more kindly than the
truth. After all what possession is so kingly to him as the friend at
his side; what sweeter sharer in his good fortune; who surer to endure
an ill turn of fortune with him; who more sincere in praise; who less
apt to give pain by a biting admonition? What clearer evidence can the
masses have that a king is well-disposed than his manifest power to
make those about him always enviable? In this way he will gain the
affection of those also who dwell afar, and it will be the prayer of
good men to gain the friendship of the king.
Exactly the reverse is the experience of tyrants, whence the witty proverb: "Far from Zeus and his thunderbolt", which means that because of such as treat their associates with treachery, safety without office is less terrifying than the dangers of public life. One has scarcely time to be envied for friendship with a tyrant before one is an object of pity by reason of his enmity.[1] Now the king knows that in God is sufficiency unto Himself, and that God, the original essence, is above the ruled over; but that with a man governing many men like himself, his own nature is sufficient to itself for the subtlety of every problem. To remedy therefore the imperfection of nature, he holds close intercourse with his friends,[2] and thereby multiplies his own power. And so he will see the eyes of all, and will take counsel from those opinions of all which tend to one conclusion.[3] >> to part eight >>Note 1:
Cf. Augustine, Confessions, 8.6. Note 2: Philo, Who is Heir of Divine Things?, 6. Note 3: Cf. Dio Chrysostom, Discourse 1 and Discourse 3. |
Online 2007 Revision: 4 December 2007 |
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