![](/site/assets/files/5586/thumbnail_jaulian10.jpg) Jaulian, buddha
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![](/site/assets/files/2737/thumbnail_gymnosophist_gogdara.jpg) Gogdara, relief showing a saddhu
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![](/site/assets/files/4167/thumbnail_hydraotes2.jpg) The Ravi west of Chichawatni
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![](/site/assets/files/16810/thumbnail_alex_map_11.gif) Map of Ancient India
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![](/site/assets/files/2556/thumbnail_crossing02.jpg) A modern crossing of the Jhelum
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![](/site/assets/files/3016/thumbnail_shang-la00.jpg) Crossing the Shangla Pass
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![](/site/assets/files/2712/thumbnail_gtr2.jpg) Landscape along the Grand Trunk Road, east of Islamabad
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![](/site/assets/files/4815/thumbnail_india_map.gif) The Mauryan Empire
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![](/site/assets/files/3038/thumbnail_shahbazgarhi2.jpg) Shahbazgarhi, the two rock edicts
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![](/site/assets/files/5554/thumbnail_sirkap02_overview.jpg) Sirkap, general view
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![](/site/assets/files/5575/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry05.jpg) Mohra Moradu, storage
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![](/site/assets/files/5509/thumbnail_sirsukh1.jpg) Sirsukh, wall, outside
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![](/site/assets/files/5571/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry03.jpg) Mohra Moradu, court
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![](/site/assets/files/3050/thumbnail_indus3.jpg) Sediments of the Indus
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![](/site/assets/files/5393/thumbnail_sw-wall.jpg) Multan, Southwest wall
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![](/site/assets/files/5599/thumbnail_sirkap05_jain.jpg) Sirkap, Jainist sanctuary
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![](/site/assets/files/5562/thumbnail_bhir_mound6.jpg) Bhir, water conduit (Mauryan age)
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![](/site/assets/files/4814/thumbnail_ashoka_capital.jpg) Lion-shaped Indian capital from the age of Ashoka
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![](/site/assets/files/5593/thumbnail_jaulian01.jpg) Jaulian, entrance
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![](/site/assets/files/3751/thumbnail_acesines_uch.jpg) The river Chenab, directly south of Uch
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![](/site/assets/files/5558/thumbnail_bhir_mound1.jpg) Bhir, general view
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![](/site/assets/files/18016/thumbnail_apadana_n_stairs-indians.jpg) Persepolis, Apadana, North Stairs, Tribute Bearers, Indians
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![](/site/assets/files/3032/thumbnail_shahbazgarhi1.jpg) Shahbazgarhi Hill
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![](/site/assets/files/4294/thumbnail_elephant.jpg) Elephant Rock
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![](/site/assets/files/3021/thumbnail_shang-la06.jpg) Terraces
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![](/site/assets/files/5560/thumbnail_bhir_mound4.jpg) Bhir, excavation
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![](/site/assets/files/4635/thumbnail_silk_road_map.gif) The Silk Road
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![](/site/assets/files/18251/thumbnail_susa_darius_statue_subject_r10.jpg) Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject sdgw3? (OP. Thataguš = Sattagydia)
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![](/site/assets/files/58215/thumbnail_lahore_museum_athena.jpg) Athena from Gandara
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![](/site/assets/files/63833/thumbnail_coin_demetrius_i_bactria_natmus_uzb_ab.jpg) Demetrius I of Bactria
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![](/site/assets/files/2558/thumbnail_jhelum03.jpg) The river Jhelum
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![](/site/assets/files/5380/thumbnail_birkot-north01.jpg) Bazira from the north, across the Swat. To the left, the ancient walls are visible.
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![](/site/assets/files/2893/thumbnail_aornus1.jpg) The Indus and the Aornus, seen from the north
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![](/site/assets/files/13418/thumbnail_banyan.jpg) Banyan tree (Palermo)
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![](/site/assets/files/5590/thumbnail_jaulian12.jpg) Jaulian, small sculpture
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![](/site/assets/files/5588/thumbnail_jaulian13.jpg) Jaulian, head of a Buddha
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![](/site/assets/files/2713/thumbnail_gtr4.jpg) Landscape along the Grand Trunk Road, east of Islamabad
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![](/site/assets/files/3042/thumbnail_shahbazgarhi-big3.jpg) Shahbazgarhi, Large edict, detail
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![](/site/assets/files/5587/thumbnail_jaulian11.jpg) Jaulian, Buddha
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![](/site/assets/files/5574/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry04.jpg) Mohra Moradu, bricks
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![](/site/assets/files/5607/thumbnail_sirkap10_round_stupa.jpg) Sirkap, small stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/5585/thumbnail_jaulian02.jpg) Jaulian, court
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![](/site/assets/files/5566/thumbnail_jandial5.jpg) Jandial, wall
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![](/site/assets/files/5382/thumbnail_birkot-west.jpg) Ditches on the western slope of Bazira, seen from the north. This slope is the only accessible part of the rock.
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![](/site/assets/files/5383/thumbnail_swat.jpg) The Swat near Barikot
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![](/site/assets/files/18014/thumbnail_apadana_n_stairs-gandarans.jpg) Persepolis, Apadana, North Stairs, Tribute Bearers, Gandarans
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![](/site/assets/files/5512/thumbnail_sirsukh4.jpg) Sirsukh, wall, gate
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![](/site/assets/files/2711/thumbnail_gtr1.jpg) Grand Trunk Road
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![](/site/assets/files/40233/thumbnail_nearchus_map.gif) Map of Alexander's Return
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![](/site/assets/files/8437/thumbnail_gandara_map2.gif) Map of Gandara
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![](/site/assets/files/2552/thumbnail_hydaspes_map1.gif) The battle of the Hydaspes
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![](/site/assets/files/1662/thumbnail_charsadda-w1.jpg) Charsadda, northern hill (ancient Peucelaotis)
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![](/site/assets/files/2553/thumbnail_hydaspes_map2.gif) The Hydaspes Campaign
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![](/site/assets/files/3020/thumbnail_shang-la05_irons.jpg) Irons
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![](/site/assets/files/5564/thumbnail_jandial1.jpg) Jandial, Temple and altar
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![](/site/assets/files/2579/thumbnail_gandaran.jpg) Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, Gandaran with a buffalo
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![](/site/assets/files/5555/thumbnail_taxila_map.gif) Map of Taxila
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![](/site/assets/files/3043/thumbnail_shahbazgarhi-small.jpg) Shahbazgarhi, Small edict
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![](/site/assets/files/5595/thumbnail_jaulian07.jpg) Jaulian, votive stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/5381/thumbnail_birkot-north02.jpg) Barikot, Ditches on the western slope, seen from the north.
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![](/site/assets/files/19872/thumbnail_indus_valley_map.gif) Map of Alexander's Indian Campaign
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![](/site/assets/files/5589/thumbnail_jaulian09.jpg) Jaulian, Corinthian capital
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![](/site/assets/files/4293/thumbnail_buddha.jpg) The Ghalagai Buddha
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![](/site/assets/files/2755/thumbnail_ora1.jpg) The cemetery of Odigram and the Ora fort
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![](/site/assets/files/47420/thumbnail_coin_kushan_siv_rmo.jpg) Coin of the Kushans (imitation of a Sasanian coin)
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![](/site/assets/files/5581/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry06.jpg) Mohra Moradu, large stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/5610/thumbnail_sirkap13_d_headed_eagle.jpg) Sirkap, stupa of the double-headed eagle
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![](/site/assets/files/4287/thumbnail_inscription1.jpg) Petroglyphs
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![](/site/assets/files/2566/thumbnail_charikar01.jpg) The river Swat near Chakdarra
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![](/site/assets/files/2567/thumbnail_charikar02.jpg) The river Swat near Chakdarra
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![](/site/assets/files/1664/thumbnail_charsadda-w3.jpg) Charsadda, northern hill (ancient Peucelaotis)
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![](/site/assets/files/1661/thumbnail_charsadda-e1.jpg) Charsadda, southern hill (ancient Peucelaotis)
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![](/site/assets/files/2894/thumbnail_aornus2.jpg) The Indus and the Aornus from the southeast
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![](/site/assets/files/2555/thumbnail_crossing01.jpg) Possible site of Alexander's crossing of the Jhelum
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![](/site/assets/files/3051/thumbnail_indus2.jpg) Terraces along the Indus
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![](/site/assets/files/5506/thumbnail_coin_gondophares.jpg) Coin of Gondophares
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![](/site/assets/files/2165/thumbnail_18_indian.jpg) Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, A man from Sindhu, carrying gold
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![](/site/assets/files/2577/thumbnail_kabul1.jpg) The Kabul near modern Charsadda
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![](/site/assets/files/2895/thumbnail_aornus_map.gif) The siege of the Aornus
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![](/site/assets/files/2551/thumbnail_jhelum01.jpg) Hydaspes, possible location of the battlefield
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![](/site/assets/files/3023/thumbnail_shang-la10.jpg) Bridge over a tributary of the Indus
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![](/site/assets/files/5565/thumbnail_jandial6.jpg) Jandial, stairs
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![](/site/assets/files/17979/thumbnail_14_gandarans.jpg) Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, Southern part, Gandarans
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![](/site/assets/files/1663/thumbnail_charsadda-w2.jpg) Charsadda, northern hill (ancient Peucelaotis). Pathan children looking for eggs.
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![](/site/assets/files/5608/thumbnail_sirkap09_round_temple.jpg) Sirkap, apsidal temple
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![](/site/assets/files/5511/thumbnail_sirsukh3.jpg) Sirsukh, wall, loophole
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![](/site/assets/files/18249/thumbnail_susa_darius_statue_subject_r08.jpg) Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject hlhdy (OP. Gandâra = Gandara)
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![](/site/assets/files/5583/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_stupa2.jpg) Mohra Moradu, large stupa, detail
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![](/site/assets/files/43213/thumbnail_persepolis_apadana_e-stairs_18_indians_01.jpg) Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, Southern part, Indians
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![](/site/assets/files/1665/thumbnail_coin_pushkalavati_185-168.jpg) Coin from Pushkalavati
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![](/site/assets/files/3019/thumbnail_shang-la03.jpg) Looking back to the Swat Valley
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![](/site/assets/files/5569/thumbnail_jandial3.jpg) Jandial, entrance
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![](/site/assets/files/5598/thumbnail_sirkap03_guard.jpg) Sirkap, guards' room
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![](/site/assets/files/3754/thumbnail_acesines2.jpg) Buffaloes in the Chenab
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![](/site/assets/files/46097/thumbnail_fayaztepe_indian_inscr_siv_mus_old-termez.jpg) Fayaz Tepe, Pottery with an Indian inscription
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![](/site/assets/files/2416/thumbnail_kunar.jpg) Valley of the Kunar, from an airplane
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![](/site/assets/files/5577/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry07.jpg) Mohra Moradu, small stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/5596/thumbnail_sirkap04_levels.jpg) Levels at the Sirkap excavation
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![](/site/assets/files/5392/thumbnail_se-wall.jpg) Multan, Southeast wall
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![](/site/assets/files/4297/thumbnail_stupa2.jpg) Damaged foundations
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![](/site/assets/files/3753/thumbnail_acesines1.jpg) The Chenab between Guhrat and Sialkot (1)
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![](/site/assets/files/5611/thumbnail_sirkap11_sun_temple.jpg) Sirkap, temple of the Sun
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![](/site/assets/files/5556/thumbnail_bhir_mound3.jpg) Bhir Mound
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![](/site/assets/files/2550/thumbnail_canyon.jpg) The hidden valley behind the Hydaspes
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![](/site/assets/files/5580/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry08.jpg) Mohra Moradu, detail of a stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/4295/thumbnail_clue.jpg) Elephant Rock, clue
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![](/site/assets/files/2554/thumbnail_porus_coin_obv.jpg) Macedonian cavalry attacking an Indian elephant
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![](/site/assets/files/3054/thumbnail_indus_4.jpg) The Upper Indus
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![](/site/assets/files/5559/thumbnail_bhir_mound2.jpg) Bhir, houses (center) and main street (left)
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![](/site/assets/files/5573/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry02.jpg) Mohra Moradu, court (wild olive in the background)
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![](/site/assets/files/5561/thumbnail_bhir_mound5.jpg) Bhir, excavation
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![](/site/assets/files/5510/thumbnail_sirsukh2.jpg) Sirsukh, wall, inside
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![](/site/assets/files/63832/thumbnail_coin_bactria_demetrius_i_ny.jpg) Demetrius I of Bactria
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![](/site/assets/files/5594/thumbnail_jaulian06.jpg) Jaulian, votive stupa (1)
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![](/site/assets/files/5505/thumbnail_buddha_coin.jpg) Drawing of a Kushan coin, legend "Boddo"
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![](/site/assets/files/5578/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry09.jpg) Mohra Moradu, top of a stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/5584/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_stupa3.jpg) Mohra Moradu, large stupa, detail
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![](/site/assets/files/2570/thumbnail_hindukush.jpg) The river Swat and the Hindu Kush Mountains
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![](/site/assets/files/3018/thumbnail_shang-la01.jpg) Western access
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![](/site/assets/files/3017/thumbnail_shang-la02.jpg) Hindu Kush
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![](/site/assets/files/5609/thumbnail_sirkap12_d_headed_eagle.jpg) Sirkap, stupa of the double-headed eagle
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![](/site/assets/files/2569/thumbnail_birkot.jpg) The Swat near Barikot
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![](/site/assets/files/18241/thumbnail_susa_darius_statue_subject_l12_indian.jpg) hndw3y (OP. Hinduš = India)
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![](/site/assets/files/3053/thumbnail_indus_5.jpg) Terraces, south of Aornus
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![](/site/assets/files/3022/thumbnail_shang-la09.jpg) Bridge
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![](/site/assets/files/5572/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry01.jpg) Mohra Moradu, wall
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![](/site/assets/files/3040/thumbnail_shahbazgarhi-big1.jpg) Shahbazgarhi, Large edict
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![](/site/assets/files/5612/thumbnail_sirkap15_stupa.jpg) Sirkap, stupa in the shape of a Roman temple
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![](/site/assets/files/2557/thumbnail_jhelum02.jpg) The river Jhelum
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![](/site/assets/files/2587/thumbnail_picket.jpg) Churchill's Picket
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![](/site/assets/files/5597/thumbnail_sirkap01_wall.jpg) Sirkap, north wall
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![](/site/assets/files/5379/thumbnail_birkot-east.jpg) Bazira from the east. The fortification walls are still visible.
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![](/site/assets/files/5507/thumbnail_coin_menander_i_india.jpg) Coin of Menander I
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![](/site/assets/files/5568/thumbnail_jandial7.jpg) Jandial, cult room
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![](/site/assets/files/2756/thumbnail_ora2.jpg) The ancient market near the mountain fort of Ora
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![](/site/assets/files/3030/thumbnail_shang-la07.jpg) In the distance: the wall-shaped Himalayas
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![](/site/assets/files/4288/thumbnail_inscription2.jpg) A Buddhist relief
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![](/site/assets/files/5600/thumbnail_sirkap07_shops.jpg) Sirkap, shops
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![](/site/assets/files/4296/thumbnail_stupa1.jpg) Stupa of king Uttarasena
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![](/site/assets/files/5567/thumbnail_jandial4.jpg) Jandial, Ionic capital
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![](/site/assets/files/5582/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_stupa1.jpg) Mohra Moradu, large stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/2578/thumbnail_kabul2.jpg) The Kabul river near Peshawar
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![](/site/assets/files/3041/thumbnail_shahbazgarhi-big2.jpg) Shahbazgarhi, Large edict
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![](/site/assets/files/5592/thumbnail_jaulian03.jpg) Jaulian, wall
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![](/site/assets/files/5579/thumbnail_mohra_moradu_mnstry10.jpg) Mohra Moradu, lower part of a stupa
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![](/site/assets/files/2586/thumbnail_wuch.jpg) The valley of the Wuch
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![](/site/assets/files/5557/thumbnail_sirkap06_road.jpg) Sirkap, main road
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