Greater Iran

A Scythian shield emblem in the shape of a stag

Vonones I

Zoilus of Bactria

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Sogdians

Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, Gotarzes relief

Kangavar, portico

Parthian quarter

Cup from the first millennium

Hellenistic pilgrim flask

Osroes I

Fayaz Tepe, wall painting of Alexander the Great

Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, relief III

Tepe Godin, pottery from level III

Map of Alexander's Persian Campaign

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Bactrians

A Parthian. Relief from the East Stairs of the Apadana, Persepolis

Crossing the Elburz

Koktepa, Scissors

Tepe Godin, from the southeast

Fayaz Tepe, Sun god

Iron ore

Sogdian weapons

Summit of the ziggurat

The Parthian king Vologases

Watercourse

Fayaz Tepe, Wall Painting of a group of courtiers

Persian dish

Mountain plain

Artabanus IV

Dura Europos, Old Citadel

Charax

Mithradates IV

Pot from the fourth millennium BCE

Along the road from Hamadan to the west

Hamadan, Parthian oil lamp

The Sagartian king Tritantaechmes on the Behistun relief

Kampyr Tepe, Plain

Hecatompylos, hill 1

Grey ware from Khurvin

Disk with a deity with two wild animals

Kara Tepe, Relief

Eburz near Ahuan

Cadusian arrowheads

Zurmala stupa, brickwork

Kara Tepe, Head

Fayaz Tepe, Monastery, Court

Artabanus III, coin

Eucratides I of Bactria

Achaemenid column bases

Belogradets, Cimmerian tombstone

Parthian bowl

Orodes III

Gotarzes II

Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, Anubanini Relief, drawing

Vologases IV

A Magian, worshipping at a fire altar

A mounted archer

A Hellenistic or Parthian lion

The Zanjan Rud

Relief of Artabanus IV

Modern painting of Zarathustra

A bowl from Tepe Hesar I

Ambassadors Fresco: western wall, delegates

Parthian relief of Mithradates II, drawing

Kara Tepe, Relief

Vardanes II

Tepe Nush-e Jan, fire temple

Demetrius I of Bactria

Dura Europos, Temple of Aphlad, Relief of Aphlad

An Arian

Hyrcania, terraces

Hecatompylos, hill 3

Kara Tepe, West, Round Stupa

Kara Tepe, North, Court, Column bases

Kara Tepe, Frieze of an elephant

Eagle-shaped scythian brooche

The famous iwan of Ctesiphon

Kangavar, general view

Kara Tepe, West, Skeleton

pltiiw3 (OP. Parthava = Parthia)

Head of a bronze statue of a Parthian prince, found at Shami, Khuzestan

A Bactrian. Relief from the eastern stairs of the Apadana at Persepolis.

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Arachosians

Two Medes

Scythian arrowheads

Sherd from the fourth millennium BCE

Apadana, North Stairs, Tribute Bearers, Scythians

Hellenistic figurine of a deity

Tepe Nush-e Jan, from the east

Kara Tepe, South, Two caves

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Parthians

Clandestine excavation at Hill 1

Vonones II

The "French trench"

Kerman, mountains

The wall of Toos (in its present form Seljuk)

Varahsha, Relief of a hunter

Southeastern "tower of silence"

Zurmala stupa

Head of a Parthian

Jar from the fourth millennium BCE

Afrosiab, Ruin of a wall

A fertile plain north of Nihavand

A mountain valley

Artabanus II

The Jaxartes, between Samarkand and Tashkent

Kara Tepe, Head

The 1999-2004 excavations

Sarmatian roundel

Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, Anubanini Relief

Kyrgyzstan

Fayaz Tepe, Stupa

Tepe Hesar, Figurine

Sogdian helmet

Map of the world of the Scythians

Monstrous male figure with a water vessel (Early Bronze Age)

Fayaz Tepe, Miniature vessel

Dura Europos, Palmyra Gate

Strata

Parthian rock reliefs

Christian ossuary

The statue of Firdausi (a copy can be seen in the Villa Borghese park in Rome)

Hamadan, Parthian oil lamp

Aquaduct

Hellenistic column base

Tepe Godin, store rooms

Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, relief IV

Phraates III

Tepe Nush-e Jan, inside the fort

The citadel of Afrosiab, seen from Samarkand's observatory

Houses in Kampyr Tepe

Entrance of the excavation

A bullshead from Ecbatana

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Sacae

Map of Hyrcania/Parthia/Aria

Zurmala stupa

Fayaz Tepe, Fountain

Cup from the fourth millennium

Coin of Artabanus I

Zoroastrian fire altar

Shorsuv, Portrait of a warrior

m'dy (OP. Mâda = Media)

Ctesiphon, iwan

Afrosiab, Ruins

The Elburz from Tepe Hesar

Tiridates I

Plate, decorated with a snake (Early Bronze Age)

Ctesiphon, iwan

Axes from Luristan

skdy (OP. Sugda = Sogdia)

Parthian jar

Parthian lute player

Koktepa, Mirror

s3htjl (OP. Bâkhtriš = Bactria)

Hyrcanian cup, decorated with gazelles

Nineveh, Funerary mask, Parthian age

Tigranocerta, Sasanian bullae

Tepe Nush-e Jan, fire temple

Kara Tepe, West, Inside a cave

Tepe Nush-e Jan, wall of the fort

Kangavar, foundations of a wall

The Caspian Sea at Ramsar

Kampyr Tepe, Houses

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Arians

The Avestan world

Handle of a Parthian coffin

Diodotus I of Bactria, coin

Kara Tepe, Painted pottery

Behistun Rock, seen from the east

Deformed skulls

Sharestan Bridge

Tepe Nush-e Jan, apadana

Kara Tepe, Relief

Southeastern "tower of silence"

Demetrius I of Bactria

Tepe Godin, the deep sounding

Kangavar, stairs

Terraces, north of the mountains

Fayaz Tepe, Wall Painting of a seated Buddha

Behistun, Parthian relief of Gotarzes II defeating Meherdates

Afrosiab, Ruin of a palace

Tepe Nush-e Jan, fire temple, altar

Phraates IV

Kara Tepe, West, Court with cells

Early first millennium beak pot

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Medes

Late pottery

Ambassadors Fresco: southern wall

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Sacae

Amulet of Bes from Iran

Tepe Hisar, Late Bronze Age phial

At the banks of the Oxus river

Kara Tepe, Head

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Medes

Central-Asian statuette of a camel

Yazd, funeral houses

Vologases III

Ambassadors Fresco: northern wall, Chinese boat

Dura Europos, Temple of the Palmyrene Gods

A Parthian dignitary

Kara Tepe, North, General view

A Magian (Oxus Treasure)

Hecatompylos, square building

Hamadan, Sasanian flask

Kangavar, back

A Scythian shield emblem in the shape of a stag

Snake amulet

Mithradates II

The Silk Road

Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, relief II

The Wall of Alexander near Gonbad-e Kavus

Sogdian

Oil lamp

Vologases II

Sinatruces

Southern hill

Deep sounding

Afrosiab, Ruins

Fayaz Tepe, Monastery and Stupa, model

Fayaz Tepe, Pottery with an Indian inscription

Capital with a figure showing features of Buddha and Heracles

Sherds on the plain

Kampyr Tepe, Wall (reconstructed)

Axe in the shape of a two-headed demon, mastering a boar and a dragon (Early Bronze Age)

Topraq Qala

Hellenistic or Parthian figurine of a harpist

ch3rs3m' (OP. Uvârazmîy = Chorasmia)

Bactrian camel, Persepolis

Kampyr Tepe, Wall (reconstructed)

Eshaqvan from a distance

An incision (a brook cutting its way through the rocks)

A Tatar khan with a pointed cap

Coin of Phraates II

Bactrian imitation of an Athenian drachm

Dura Europos, a Parthian votive relief

Babylonian map of the western Zagros. A road, a mountain, and a river are indicated.

Gonur Deppe, Horse tomb

Fayaz Tepe, Necklace

Ctesiphon, iwan

Kara Tepe, West, "Greek" column base

Vardanes I

The Behistun relief from below

Arsaces I

Arrowheads from Hamadan

Map of Sogdia

Southeastern "tower of silence"

Fayaz Tepe, Seated Buddha

Ambassadors Fresco: southern wall, two dromedary riders

A Sagartian

Parthian bottle

Letter from Artabanus II, requesting the appointment of one Hecataeus as treasurer

The 1999-2004 excavations

slng (OP. Zranka = Drangiana)

Hecatompylos, hill 2

Kangavar, summit

Hecatompylos, hill 1

Corinthian capital from Balkh

Eshaqvan Rock Tombs

Hamadan, Sasanian ostracon about receiving a ration of food

Sakâ tigrakhaudâ. Relief from the eastern stairs of the Apadana at Persepolis.

Valley of the Kunar, from an airplane

Phraataces

Bottle from Tepe Hesar level II

Iron Age ring from western Parthia

Northern hill

Kara Tepe, Lid of a pot

Sogdian pottery

Zurmala stupa

Ctesiphon, iwan

Behistun relief from a distance

Samarkand, Afrosiab, Sogdian pottery

Dura Europos, Temple of Zeus Theos

Gabae, hill

Southern hill, panorama

Afrosiab, Ditch

Karwansaray near Ahuan

Chorasmian coin

Safavid bridge on Sasanian piers

Fayaz Tepe, Standing Buddha

The ruins from Ai Khanum

Tepe Nush-e Jan, brickwork inside the fort

hlw3 (OP. Haraiva = Aria)

Behistun, Parthian relief of Mithadates II

Derbent Road

Hellenistic or Parthian gargoyle

Parthian warrior

Parthian mounted archer

Weight from Azerbaijan

Eucratides II of Bactria

Sasanian fort with fire sanctuary

Dasht-e Kavir

An Arachosian. Relief from the East Stairs of the Apadana, Persepolis

The Zagros west of Qazvin

Kara Tepe, West, Caves

Gabae, hill

Orodes I

Afrosiab, Ruin of a palace

Northwestern "tower of silence"

Zurmala stupa, entrance

Mithradates I the Great

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Sagartians

The relief at Eshaqvand (cast at Taq-e Bostan)

A Parthian dignitary

Eucratides I of Bactria

Karmir Blur, Scythian arrowheads

Aššur, Parthian stele of a worshipper

Tepe Godin, map

Northwestern "tower of silence"

Novocherkassk, Vessel with an elk_handle

Small Hellenistic or Parthian bust

Northwestern "tower of silence"

Terrace wall

The Nesaean Plain, surrounding Ecbatana (modern Hamadan)

Shashtepa, Fragment of a rhyton

Persepolis, Apadana, East Stairs, southern part, Sogdians

Fayaz Tepe, Stupa

The river Oxus

Afrosiab, Ruins

Weight from Jiroft, made of chlorite

Ai Khanum, map

Geological layers

Scythian archer on an Athenian dish

Kara Tepe, North, Court

Tepe Nush-e Jan, inside the fort

sg?shkš (OP Sâka = Scythians)

Bactrian coin, last quarter of the second century BCE

The Zayandeh Rud and Isfahan's famous Si-o-se Bridge

Fergana Valley, Bronze cauldron

Gotarzes I

Orodes II

Afrosiab, Ditch

Early first millennium beak pot

A big jar (dolium)

Vologases V

Vologases VI

Fayaz Tepe, Stupa, inside

Map of Alexander's Return

Apadana, North Stairs, Tribute Bearers, Sogdians

Parthian lion

Tepe Hesar